Blog
The Investing Curriculum
Learn the basics of finance, one lesson at a time. Each stage builds on the last, from your first investment to running a portfolio.
Stage 1
Foundations
What investing is, how markets work, and the simplest way to own them.
01BeginnerStart HereWhy people invest, how money compounds, and the handful of ideas everything else rests on.10 lessons · 48 min
- 01Why Invest at All?5 min
- 02Compound Interest: How Money Grows on Itself5 min
- 03Risk and Return: Why They Travel Together5 min
- 04Stocks, Bonds, Cash and Beyond: The Main Asset Classes5 min
- 05What Is a Stock?5 min
- 06What Is a Bond?4 min
- 07Inflation and Real Returns5 min
- 08Time Horizon: The Most Underrated Number in Investing5 min
- 09Diversification: Don't Bet It All on One Company4 min
- 10Your First Investing Plan5 min
02BeginnerHow the Stock Market WorksExchanges, orders, indexes and the vocabulary of a trading day.16 lessons · 1 h 22 min
- 01What the Stock Market Actually Is5 min
- 02Tickers, Share Classes and What You Actually Own4 min
- 03Your Brokerage Account: Cash, Shares and Protection6 min
- 04Bid, Ask and the Spread: How a Price Is Made5 min
- 05Market, Limit and Stop Orders5 min
- 06Your First Purchase: From Cash to a Confirmed Holding6 min
- 07Market Hours, Pre-Market and After-Hours Trading5 min
- 08Market Capitalization: How Big Is a Company?5 min
- 09The S&P 500, the Dow and the Nasdaq: What Indexes Measure5 min
- 10Sectors and Industries: How the Market Is Organized5 min
- 11IPOs: How a Company Goes Public6 min
- 12Stock Splits and Reverse Splits5 min
- 13Share Buybacks: When a Company Buys Its Own Stock5 min
- 14Bull Markets, Bear Markets and Corrections5 min
- 15Investment Scams: Check Before You Send Money5 min
- 16How to Read a Stock Quote5 min
03BeginnerFunds and ETFsHow to own hundreds of companies in one purchase, and what that costs.9 lessons · 46 min
- 01Mutual Funds and ETFs: Owning the Market in One Purchase5 min
- 02Index Funds: The Case for Owning Everything5 min
- 03Expense Ratios: The Small Number That Compounds5 min
- 04How ETFs Work Under the Hood5 min
- 05Sector, Thematic and Factor ETFs5 min
- 06Leveraged and Inverse ETFs: The Daily Reset5 min
- 07Investing Beyond the US6 min
- 08Target-Date and All-in-One Funds5 min
- 09How to Evaluate an ETF5 min
Stage 2
Your Portfolio
Deciding how much goes where, and staying out of your own way.
04IntermediateBuilding a PortfolioAllocation, sizing, rebalancing and measuring whether any of it is working.17 lessons · 1 h 31 min
- 01Asset Allocation: The Decision That Matters Most5 min
- 02Correlation: How Diversification Really Works5 min
- 03Position Sizing: How Much of One Stock Is Too Much?5 min
- 04Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump Sum5 min
- 05Rebalancing5 min
- 06Measuring Your Returns: Total Return, CAGR and the Effect of Deposits6 min
- 07Benchmarks: Are You Actually Beating the Market?5 min
- 08Volatility, Standard Deviation and Beta5 min
- 09Drawdowns and the Math of Recovery5 min
- 10Sequence Risk: When Your Portfolio Starts Paying You5 min
- 11Turning a Portfolio into Income: Withdrawal Basics6 min
- 12The Sharpe Ratio and Risk-Adjusted Returns5 min
- 13Capital Gains, Tax-Loss Harvesting and the Wash-Sale Rule (US)6 min
- 14401(k)s, IRAs and Taxable Accounts (US)6 min
- 15When to Sell a Stock5 min
- 16Core and Satellite: A Simple Portfolio Structure6 min
- 17Write Your Own Investment Policy Statement6 min
05BeginnerInvestor PsychologyThe mistakes almost everyone makes, and the habits that prevent them.10 lessons · 49 min
- 01The Behavior Gap: Why Investors Often Earn Less Than Their Funds5 min
- 02Loss Aversion: Why Losses Loom Larger Than Gains5 min
- 03FOMO and the Herd5 min
- 04Overconfidence: Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth5 min
- 05Confirmation Bias: Falling in Love with a Stock5 min
- 06Anchoring: Looking Beyond Your Purchase Price5 min
- 07Recency Bias and the Cost of Timing the Market5 min
- 08Fear and Greed: Reading Market Sentiment4 min
- 09Keep an Investing Journal5 min
- 10A Pre-Trade Checklist5 min
Stage 3
Reading a Company
Financial statements, valuation, business quality, and the events that move a single stock.
06IntermediateReading Financial StatementsThe three statements, line by line, and the ratios that come out of them.15 lessons · 1 h 18 min
- 01The Three Financial Statements and How They Fit Together5 min
- 02The Income Statement, Line by Line5 min
- 03Revenue: Reading the Top Line5 min
- 04Gross, Operating and Net Margins5 min
- 05EPS: Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted5 min
- 06The Balance Sheet: What a Company Owns and Owes6 min
- 07Working Capital, Current Ratio and Quick Ratio5 min
- 08The Cash Flow Statement: Following the Money6 min
- 09Free Cash Flow: The Number Owners Care About5 min
- 10EBITDA and Adjusted Earnings: GAAP vs. Non-GAAP5 min
- 11Debt: How Much Is Too Much?5 min
- 12Stock-Based Compensation and Dilution5 min
- 1310-K, 10-Q and 8-K: Finding Your Way Around SEC Filings6 min
- 14Accounting Red Flags5 min
- 15A 15-Minute Financial Health Check5 min
07IntermediateValuationWhat a stock is worth, and how to tell a fair price from an expensive one.18 lessons · 1 h 28 min
- 01Price vs. Value: Why a $10 Stock Isn't Cheap4 min
- 02Understanding the P/E Ratio4 min
- 03Forward P/E and the Estimates Behind It5 min
- 04The PEG Ratio: Putting a Price on Growth4 min
- 05Price-to-Sales: Valuing Companies Without Profits5 min
- 06Price-to-Book: What the Balance Sheet Says It's Worth5 min
- 07Enterprise Value: The Real Price Tag of a Company4 min
- 08EV/EBITDA: Comparing Companies with Different Debt5 min
- 09Free Cash Flow Yield5 min
- 10Earnings Yield and the Equity Risk Premium5 min
- 11The Time Value of Money4 min
- 12Build the Forecast Before the Valuation6 min
- 13Where Does the Discount Rate Come From?5 min
- 14Discounted Cash Flow: Valuing a Business from Its Future Cash6 min
- 15Margin of Safety4 min
- 16Is the Whole Market Expensive? CAPE and Other Gauges5 min
- 17Value Traps and Growth Traps5 min
- 18Putting Valuation Together: Several Lenses, One View7 min
08IntermediateJudging Business QualityReturns on capital, moats and management: what makes a business worth owning for years.11 lessons · 53 min
- 01ROE: Return on Equity4 min
- 02ROA and ROIC: How Hard Does the Capital Work?5 min
- 03DuPont Analysis: Taking ROE Apart4 min
- 04Economic Moats: What Protects a Business5 min
- 05Not All Growth Is Equal5 min
- 06Operating Leverage: Why Profits Swing More Than Sales5 min
- 07Capital Allocation: What Management Does with the Cash5 min
- 08Management, Insider Ownership and Incentives5 min
- 09Cyclical vs. Defensive Businesses5 min
- 10Sizing Up the Competition: Five Forces in Plain English5 min
- 11A Business Quality Scorecard5 min
09IntermediateEarnings and Corporate EventsWhat happens four times a year, and the other events that move a single stock.14 lessons · 1 h 10 min
- 01What Is Earnings Season?4 min
- 02How to Read an Earnings Release6 min
- 03Beats, Misses and Why Stocks Fall on Good News5 min
- 04Guidance: The Forecast That Moves the Stock5 min
- 05The Earnings Call: What to Listen For5 min
- 06Analyst Ratings and Price Targets5 min
- 07Insider Buying and Selling5 min
- 0813F Filings: What Big Investors Own6 min
- 09Mergers and Acquisitions: What Happens to Your Shares5 min
- 10Share Offerings, Lock-Ups and Dilution5 min
- 11Spin-Offs and Breakups5 min
- 12What Happens When a Stock Joins the S&P 5004 min
- 13How to Read Market News Without Overreacting5 min
- 14An Earnings-Day Checklist5 min
10BeginnerDividends and IncomeHow companies pay their owners, and how to judge whether the payments will last.10 lessons · 48 min
- 01What Is a Dividend?4 min
- 02The Four Dividend Dates4 min
- 03Dividend Yield5 min
- 04Payout Ratio: How Well Is the Dividend Covered?5 min
- 05Dividend Growth: Aristocrats, Kings and Yield on Cost5 min
- 06DRIPs: Reinvesting Dividends5 min
- 07Yield Traps: When a High Dividend Is a Warning5 min
- 08Dividends vs. Buybacks5 min
- 09REITs: Real Estate That Trades Like a Stock5 min
- 10Building a Dividend Portfolio: A Framework5 min
Stage 4
Reading the Market
Interest rates, the economy, bonds, and what a century of booms and busts has to teach.
11BeginnerThe Economy and Interest RatesRates, inflation, growth and jobs: the forces behind every headline about the market.14 lessons · 1 h 9 min
- 01What Is an Interest Rate?4 min
- 02The Federal Reserve: What It Is and What It Does5 min
- 03Why Stocks Care About Interest Rates5 min
- 04CPI, PCE and How Inflation Is Measured5 min
- 05GDP: Measuring the Economy5 min
- 06Fiscal Policy: Spending, Taxes and Government Borrowing5 min
- 07The Jobs Report and the Unemployment Rate5 min
- 08The Business Cycle4 min
- 09Recessions: What They Are and What They Do to Stocks5 min
- 10The Yield Curve and What an Inversion Means5 min
- 11QE and QT: The Fed's Balance Sheet5 min
- 12The Dollar and Exchange Rates5 min
- 13Oil, Gold and Commodities6 min
- 14The Economic Calendar: Which Reports Move Markets5 min
12IntermediateBonds and Fixed IncomeHow bonds are priced, what can go wrong, and what they are for.7 lessons · 33 min
- 01Bond Prices and Yields: Why They Move in Opposite Directions5 min
- 02Treasury Bills, Notes and Bonds5 min
- 03Corporate Bonds and Credit Ratings5 min
- 04Duration: How Sensitive Is a Bond to Rates?4 min
- 05Bond Funds vs. Individual Bonds5 min
- 06T-Bills, Money Market Funds and Where to Park Cash5 min
- 07What Bonds Do in a Portfolio4 min
13BeginnerMarket HistoryBooms, busts and frauds, told as stories, each one tied to a lesson you can use.12 lessons · 1 h
- 01Anatomy of a Bubble5 min
- 021929: The Crash and the Great Depression5 min
- 03The Nifty Fifty: Can a Great Company Be a Bad Investment?5 min
- 04Black Monday, 19875 min
- 05Japan's Lost Decades: A 34-Year Wait for a New High5 min
- 06The Dot-Com Bubble5 min
- 07Enron: How the Numbers Lied5 min
- 08The 2008 Financial Crisis5 min
- 09The 2020 Crash: Peak to Trough in 33 Days5 min
- 10GameStop and the Meme-Stock Frenzy5 min
- 112022: When Stocks and Bonds Fell Together5 min
- 12What a Century of Crashes Teaches5 min
Stage 5
Going Further
Styles, charts and the tools that magnify outcomes in both directions — optional routes, not a finish line.
14IntermediateCharts and Technical AnalysisHow to read a price chart and the most common indicators, with an honest look at what they can and cannot tell you.11 lessons · 56 min
- 01How to Read a Stock Chart6 min
- 02Candlesticks: Reading One Bar at a Time5 min
- 03Trends, Support and Resistance5 min
- 04Moving Averages: The 50-Day, the 200-Day and the Golden Cross5 min
- 05Volume: How Much Trading Is Behind a Move5 min
- 06RSI: Overbought, Oversold and What That Really Means5 min
- 07MACD: Momentum from Two Moving Averages5 min
- 08Bollinger Bands and Volatility5 min
- 0952-Week Highs, Lows and Relative Strength4 min
- 10Chart Patterns: What the Evidence Says6 min
- 11Using Technicals Alongside Fundamentals5 min
15IntermediateInvesting StylesValue, growth, momentum and the rest: what each believes, when it works, and what it asks of you.12 lessons · 58 min
- 01Value Investing5 min
- 02Growth Investing5 min
- 03GARP and Quality: Growth, Durability and Price4 min
- 04Momentum: Why Winners Keep Winning (Until They Don't)5 min
- 05Factor Investing: Size, Value, Quality, Momentum and Low Volatility5 min
- 06Small Caps vs. Large Caps5 min
- 07Contrarian Investing5 min
- 08Sector Rotation and the Business Cycle5 min
- 09How the Greats Invest: Graham, Buffett, Lynch and Bogle4 min
- 10Stock Screening: Turning a Strategy into Filters5 min
- 11Building a Watchlist and a Research Routine5 min
- 12Finding the Style That Fits You5 min
16AdvancedOptions, Leverage and Short SellingThe tools that magnify outcomes in both directions. Read this to understand them before you ever need to use them.10 lessons · 52 min
- 01Margin: Borrowing to Invest5 min
- 02Short Selling: Betting Against a Stock5 min
- 03Short Interest, Days to Cover and Short Squeezes5 min
- 04Options Basics: Calls and Puts6 min
- 05What's in an Option's Price5 min
- 06The Greeks: Delta, Theta, Vega and Gamma5 min
- 07Covered Calls and Cash-Secured Puts5 min
- 08Protective Puts and Hedging5 min
- 09Futures: What 'Stock Futures Are Lower' Means5 min
- 10Leverage and the Risk of Ruin6 min
